Artificial structure and process of making the same.



' PATENT@ JULY 3o, 19017.

v w, E Qassam.. ARTIHUIAL STRUGTURH AND mocass. @E MAKING BH-E SAME.

APPLIGATOH 'FILED NOV. 30, i906'.

STATES WALTER-E. nAssAM, or WORCESTER, MASSACHUSETTS, AsSrGNoR-.ToHASSAM PAVING ooMPANY, on WORCESTER, MASSACHUSETTS, A'ooRroRATroN'oFMASSACHUSETTS,

`AR'IYIFICXACL STRUCTURE NDEROCESSM 0F MAKING THE SAME.

firs. 661,651.' v

. S'pecifcationof Letters Patent.:

Patented July so, 1907.

Application filed November 30,1906. Serial No. 345,730.

To all whom it may concernf Be it known that I, WALTER E. Hassan,acitizen of the United States, residing at Worcester, in the county ofWorcester andState of Massachusetts, have invented a new and usefulArtificial Structure 'and Process of Making the Same, of which thefollowing is a specification. l

My invention relates ,toan artificial structure capable of use forfoundations, walls, abutmentscolumns, floors, etc., but vespeciallyadapted for pavements for roads, sidewalks, and the like. In auchstructures,

' broken stone or gravel has heretofore been placed on Y the bottom of.an excavation and rolled to compact the same.: The broken stone orgravel is treated with a.

grouting or thelike, either previous or subsequent-to l dts rolling, orsimultaneously therewith. `This grouting-is in, a more or less liquidstate, .and consequently is liable to run down below the bottomA of ,thelayer of .En A

ston'e o `gravel and be lost and -'when there areholes o rappearhereafter. I

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawing which shows a crosssection of a pavement constructed `in accordance with this invention.

, While this improvement is applicable to several methods ofconstructing pavements which have heretofore been it is of especialutility when applied to the form of pavement set forth and claimed in myprevious patent No. l519,652 granted May lst, 1906.

In that patent a pavement and method of making the same are described,in which the pavement comprises a bottom layer of hardrolled stone, agrouting of cement placed upon the stone and filling the voids therein,and

a suitable wearingsurfac'e placed on the gi'o'uting.4

When a pavement is constructed in this inanner, the

grouting which is applied to the tstone after it is rolle'd;v isnecessarily-ofl suchconsistency that it will easily run through thevoids among the stones; consequently, when it reaches `the bottom layer,if there are' further voids in the soil beneath, it will enter them andportions of it be lost. Moreover, it has no homogeneous waterproof.foundation u'nder the broken stone and the grouting of the stone may beuneven'.

Further obiects and advantages ofthe invention will Referring to thedrawing,.1 will now describe my method of making the pavement showntherein, so ras made, the bottom of which is rolled. Then a creamy lgrout a, preferably consisting of one partof cement to vthree or fourparts of sand with water, is placed-upon .i

the bottom of the excavation. This may be a couple of inches thick. Thenbefbre this g'routing has a chance to'harden, the broken stone or gravelb is applied'and' rolledinto the same. IThe rollingis designed to forcethe stones into intimate op'ntact with each other so as 65 to reduce thespaces hetwen them, and to force tHe bottom stones into the layer orgrouting'zvz.Av -In the preferred method-of carrying out the inventionthe stones are rolled in ,their uncoated condition, although thisinvention may be carried out with stones previously coated withgrouting. After the uncoated stone is thoroughly rolled and compressed,al grouting c is applied thereto, consisting of a thin mixture ofcement, sand and water, which preferably is prepared immediately beforeit is to be used, and does not require exfcessive handling. All thevoids are filled with this,` and it is allowed to st and until ithardens. By the same time the grouting layer a will also have becomehardened, so as to produce a homogeneous water-proof bottom-to hold thegrouting c which is applied among the stones, and prevent the wasting ofthe same. After the 4grouting hardened, a surface d may be applied tothe top of the pavement. In the form illustrated in the drawings, this'surface consists of'a thicker-grouting -oi cement, sand and water,either mixed or not, With 'fine broken stone or gravel. When not mixedwith this grouting the fine broken uncoated stone may be rolled into thetop layer of grouting before it is set so as to make a smooth, butgritty surface.

While I have illustrated and described a particular structure and-method of pi'odueing the-same, I am aware that many, modifications maybe made therein by any person skilled in this art within the scope of myclaims, and therefore, I do not wish to be limited to all of thefeatures shown and described. For example, the particular order ofprocedure in producing the layers b and d may be considerably varied,and the layer dl may be of any character suitable for producing thedesired result. i

Having thus'fully described my invention, what I 100 claim is. f

1'. An artlclal' structure comprising a homogeneous waterproof*foundation layer, a layer ot broken stone or 'gravel provlded with agrouting the .bottom of said layer being compressed into the firstmeutloned layer, and a suitable surface above the broken stone orgravel.

2, Astructure for Athe purposes described comprising a `bottomlayer of`ii-outing. nu intermediate loyer of broken 4Ml'nne or gravel provided-with n grinning liimq' the voids :inning the stones :md snpportmi, byand'comprsse/d partly into the first mentioned layer, und n top layerhaving o 5 suitable wearing urfoce'.

3l A structure for the 'purposes descrilxed, comprislm,r n.

bottom inyer`of {gx-outing, nn intermediate ia'yer of hard rolleduncnnted stonefn grouting'ni cement placed upon mid sione and fillingthe voids .therein down to said bot- 10 tom layer, and n suitohle:surface inyer of groutigbnn() stones pincedon the top ot sai'dIntermediate loyer.

T4. The method ot constnrgtlm.: a pavement or the like whichcompriseeexeuvatingg placing ,u loyer of grouting upontile bottom Yofthe excavation, placing a layer of ..15 brokenfstone or gravel above4the granting, compressing A 'the-'lame until the v'olds are small,grouiing the stone for f`861,651 l' y v :applying n suitablewonri'nrurfoce: ,Y 5. The method of coetru'cting;u pavcment.mathe like,which comprises excavating, qoiiing'-1thebotion1 ot the prisinl.: zmdmndcement, then before nnid gruting has hardened, 'compressing :i layer ofunonted-stone ons: the wn-i'nee o! mid granting, und applying u thinnergranting voids ihereinvdown t'o the top of the tirist layer ofgi'outin'.In testimony whereof i have hereunto set when ,cih the presence of. twosubscribing' witnesses.

A Witnesses:

)Luni E. Rams.

I l' I the purpose ot filling the voids an'xong tlhetonesJn-and' iothe.: c mpessmi sione for thepu? ose offiiiling'i the WALTER E. HASSAM.l.

excavation, op'plying n coating of ceamy granting com- .l

